Cat Health 101: Vaccinations and Parasite Control

Understanding Cat Vaccinations

Vaccinations are a cornerstone of preventative veterinary care for cats. They work by exposing the cat’s immune system to a weakened or inactive form of a disease-causing organism. This exposure stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies, providing protection against future infections. Core vaccinations are highly recommended for all cats, regardless of lifestyle.

Core Cat Vaccinations

• FVRCP (Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus, and Panleukopenia): This combination vaccine protects against three highly contagious and potentially fatal feline diseases. Rhinotracheitis and calicivirus are upper respiratory infections, while panleukopenia is a severe and often deadly disease characterized by fever, vomiting, and diarrhea.
• Rabies: Rabies is a fatal viral disease that affects the central nervous system. It is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals and is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted to humans. Rabies vaccination is often required by law.

Non-Core Cat Vaccinations

Non-core vaccines are recommended based on a cat’s individual risk factors, such as lifestyle and geographic location. Your veterinarian can help you determine which non-core vaccines are appropriate for your cat.

• FeLV (Feline Leukemia Virus): FeLV is a retrovirus that can weaken the immune system and lead to various health problems, including cancer. Vaccination is recommended for kittens and cats that go outdoors or live with other cats.
• Chlamydophila felis: This bacterium causes conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye) and upper respiratory infections. Vaccination may be recommended for cats in multi-cat households or shelters.
• Bordetella bronchiseptica: This bacterium is a common cause of kennel cough in dogs, but it can also cause respiratory infections in cats. Vaccination may be recommended for cats that are boarded or frequently exposed to other cats.

Vaccination Schedules

Kittens typically receive a series of vaccinations starting at 6-8 weeks of age, with boosters given every 3-4 weeks until they are 16 weeks old. Adult cats require booster vaccinations periodically, usually every 1-3 years, depending on the vaccine and the cat’s risk factors. Consult your veterinarian for a personalized vaccination schedule for your cat.

Vaccinations are a vital part of your cat’s preventative care. They offer protection from dangerous and sometimes fatal diseases. Consult with your veterinarian to create a vaccination schedule tailored to your cat’s specific needs.

Parasite Control in Cats

Parasites are organisms that live on or in another organism (the host) and obtain nourishment from it. Cats are susceptible to various internal and external parasites, which can cause a range of health problems. Regular parasite control is essential for maintaining your cat’s health and well-being.

External Parasites

External parasites live on the surface of the cat’s body, such as the skin and fur.

• Fleas: Fleas are small, wingless insects that feed on blood. They can cause intense itching, skin irritation, and even anemia in severe infestations. Fleas can also transmit tapeworms.
• Ticks: Ticks are small, blood-sucking arachnids that attach to the skin. They can transmit various diseases, including Lyme disease and ehrlichiosis, although these are less common in cats than in dogs.
• Ear Mites: Ear mites are tiny parasites that live in the ear canal. They cause intense itching and can lead to secondary bacterial infections.
• Mange Mites: Mange mites are microscopic parasites that burrow into the skin. They cause intense itching, hair loss, and skin lesions.

Internal Parasites

Internal parasites live inside the cat’s body, such as in the intestines, heart, or lungs.

• Roundworms: Roundworms are common intestinal parasites that can cause vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and a pot-bellied appearance, especially in kittens.
• Hookworms: Hookworms are intestinal parasites that attach to the intestinal wall and feed on blood. They can cause anemia, weight loss, and diarrhea.
• Tapeworms: Tapeworms are intestinal parasites that consist of segments that break off and are passed in the feces. Cats can become infected by ingesting fleas or rodents that are infected with tapeworm larvae.
• Heartworms: Heartworms are parasites that live in the heart and lungs. They are transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause severe heart and lung damage. While less common in cats than dogs, heartworm infection can still be fatal.

Parasite Prevention and Treatment

Various products are available to prevent and treat parasite infestations in cats. These include topical medications, oral medications, and injectable medications. Your veterinarian can recommend the most appropriate products for your cat based on their individual needs and risk factors.

• Flea and Tick Prevention: Topical or oral medications are available to kill fleas and ticks and prevent them from infesting your cat.
• Deworming: Deworming medications are used to eliminate intestinal parasites, such as roundworms, hookworms, and tapeworms. Regular deworming is recommended, especially for kittens.
• Heartworm Prevention: Monthly heartworm preventative medications are available to protect your cat from heartworm infection.

Regular parasite control is crucial for protecting your cat from the harmful effects of parasites. Consult with your veterinarian to develop a parasite prevention and treatment plan tailored to your cat’s specific needs.